For thousands of years, independent Haida communities thrived on the islands of Haida Gwaii engaging in diplomacy through ceremonial potlaches. Their ocean-going dugout cedar canoes were important for fishing, trading, and defense. Warriors wore protective carved helmets, bentwood visors and cedar breastplates as they raided the mainland, accumulating wealth and slaves. Northwest Coast First Nations feared Haida raiders.

Foreign merchants first entered the waters of Haida Gwaii islands in 1775 seeking new markets, trading manufactured goods for furs. Cultural misunderstanding and greed led to violence and bloodshed, and the acquisition of guns gave the Haida unprecedented power. Growing wealth fuelled the golden age of Haida art and culture. The British traders began to establish colonies and spread smallpox – biochemical warfare. The mighty Haida Nation dwindled in numbers to several hundred and many villages were abandoned. Today thousands of Haida again call the islands home and their traditional art is a legacy recognized around the world.