Fractured by the renewal of the Kurd conflict and the ongoing threat of Jihadists from Syria, Turkey is undergoing a period of uncertainty and intense political and social tension. The failed coup d'etat of the night of July 16th 2016 by a part of the army, intended to "restore freedom and democracy" is highly illustrative of the divisions within Turkish society, increasingly subjected to the growing authority of President Erdogan and his Islamo-conservative party, the AKP. So what remains today of the heritage of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish republic, and a fervent advocate of a secular state and social progress?